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Treating extravasation
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Extravasation of vesicant drugs requires emergency treatment. Follow your facility's protocol. Essential steps include the following:
- Stop the I.V. flow, aspirate the remaining drug in the catheter, and remove the I.V. line (unless you need the needle to infiltrate the antidote).
- Estimate the amount of extravasated solution and document it.
- Instill the appropriate antidote.
- Elevate the extremity.
- Document the appearance of the extravasation site, the patient's symptoms, and the treatment.
- Follow facility protocol, and apply either ice packs or warm compresses to the affected area. Apply ice to all extravasated areas for 15 to 20 minutes every 4 to 6 hours for about 3 days. However, for etoposide and vinca alkaloids, apply heat.
- If skin breakdown occurs, apply dressings, as ordered.
- If severe tissue damage occurs, the patient may need plastic surgery and physical therapy.
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